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When the eyelid falls… but the alarms rise

Dayana YANEZ CASTELLANO, Marta PÉREZ ÁLVAREZ, Irene MARTÍNEZ NEGRO, Laura CALVO, Brenda AYALA, Zaida PROVENCIO DEL OLMO, Paula ROMERO MUÑOZ, Nerea ÁLVAREZ RAMOS and Sara ARES BLANCO

Ptosis is a relatively common reason for consultation in primary care and is usually linked to benign conditions such as Bell’s palsy, local eyelid disorders, or muscular diseases. However, when it appears in isolation, it may represent a diagnostic challenge and serve as a sentinel sign of serious neurological disease. The ability of family physicians to identify atypical features during routine assessment is crucial to ensure timely referral. This case illustrates how careful observation of a seemingly minor symptom triggered suspicion of central involvement from the first clinical contact.The case was managed through initial clinical assessment in primary care, followed by urgent referral to hospital services. Diagnostic reasoning focused on identifying discrepancies inconsistent with a typical peripheral facial palsy. In the hospital setting, a comprehensive neurological examination and neuroimaging studies, including CT and MRI, were performed. A retrospective analysis of the case was later conducted to evaluate strengths, limitations, and implications for practice in primary care.Although ptosis is most commonly associated with benign or peripheral causes, its isolated presentation as the first manifestation of an intracranial lesion is uncommon. This case highlights the critical role of primary care in detecting clinical clues that may indicate central pathology, contributing to scarce literature on such atypical presentationsThe case underscores the importance of thorough neurological evaluation in any eyelid abnormality and the need to maintain a high index of suspicion, particularly in older patients or when findings deviate from classic Bell’s palsy. It suggests the value of developing clearer referral pathways that prioritize urgent assessment when isolated ptosis lacks an identifiable cause.This case reinforces the essential function of primary care in recognizing early neurological signs and ensuring effective coordination with hospital services. Early identification of atypical ptosis may help prevent delays in diagnosing potentially serious intracranial conditions.Isolated ptosis can be the first clinical indication of an intracranial lesion, and its early recognition in primary care is vital to improving patient outcomes. Keywords: Ptosis; Primary care; Space-occupying lesion; Early diagnosis; Facial palsy; Neurology.