Point of care ultrasound (POCUS  )is a valuable tool in family medecine and ambulatory healthcare for evaluating sympomatic breast conditions. The extremely frequent problem of a 'lump in a breast' can be solved in a quick, simple way, as minimally aggressive as possible and not irradiating. We propose the technique of anatomical analysis of the breast lobes using ducto-radial ultrasound scans easily assimilable by the general practitioner (GP)From histological correlations and radial echographic sections of the breast lobes, it is possible to study the mammary epithelial structures that will be affected by specific mamieres by pathological processes. These sections are codified, interpretable by all, they will not be operative-dependent but only anatomical-dependent.......In his POCUS approach, the general surgeon needs a diagnostic tool and a reliable ultrasound methodology in breast pathology. the new possibilities for acquisition of high-quality ultraportable devices with Doppler mode associated with a specific technique Codified, readable by all, repetitive, non-operative- dependent, will deeply modify the initial approach in breast pathology. The GP is not going to make a precise diagnosis of all lesions. but he will be able to select patients at risk (oriants towards specialized centers of imageris medicale) or reassure as he can the worried patients. He will thus establish a strengthened relationship of doctor-patient trust.  It will be easier for him because he was able to understand the anatomy of the breast (lobar approach to his examination) visualize early physiological changes or a pathological state at an initial millimetric stage.

The SARS-CoV-2 infection has led to a global public health crisis. Beyond acute manifestations, SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia is associated with medium- and long-term pulmonary sequelae, commonly referred to as long COVID. These persistent and heterogeneous manifestations represent a major challenge for clinicians and have generated increasing interest in long-term post-COVID follow-up studies.Our objective was to describe the clinical, respiratory function, and radiological evolution of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and secondarily, to identify predictive factors for the development of pulmonary fibrosis.We conducted a prospective and descriptive study in the pneumology department of Menzel Temim Hospital. We included 70 patients hospitalized for moderate to severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia between December 2020 and June 2021. We assessed clinical, respiratory function and radiological evolution at 45 days, three months, and six months after the acute episode. Patients lost to follow-up were not included.The mean age was 63 years, with a gender ratio of 0.66. Obesity (56%) and blood hypertension (40%) were the most common comorbidities. Clinically, we observed an improvement in dyspnea (p=0.01), cough (p=0.09), and asthenia (p=1) after six months. However, the six-minute walk test showed a reduction in the walking distance (p<0.001), and spirometry demonstrated a significant decrease in forced vital capacity (p=0.01). The six-month chest CT scan revealed the development of pulmonary fibrosis in nine patients. Predictive factors for pulmonary fibrosis included: the severity of acute pneumonia, the absence of symptoms at discharge, the persistence of asthenia at 45 days, and radiological lesions at three months. In multivariate analysis, only the absence of functional complaints at discharge and the persistence of radiological abnormalities at three months were considered independent predictive factors for pulmonary fibrosis.Persistent respiratory symptoms, functional impairment, and radiological abnormalities were common after SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Dyspnea remained the predominant symptom, while exercise intolerance and reduced lung volumes persisted. Pulmonary fibrosis was associated with initial disease severity and persistent radiological lesions, highlighting the importance of structured long-term follow-up. Early identification of high-risk patients may improve prognosis and management.Our study shows that SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to persistent pulmonary sequelae,requiring rigorous follow-up, at least during the first-year post-hospitalization for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is experiencing rapid growth in general practice, driven by technological accessibility, expanding clinical applications, and rising expectations for diagnostic precision in primary care. This trend has recently been consolidated by the 2024 WONCA Europe position paper, which affirms POCUS as an emerging core skill for general practitioners (GPs). However, the competencies and clinical situations that should guide GP training remain insufficiently standardized.The objective of this study was to systematically review Delphi and other consensus-based studies to identify the families of clinical situations and the competencies that should underpin ultrasound training for GPs.A systematic review of the literature was undertaken according to a predefined protocol registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251160211). The search strategy targeted consensus studies (Delphi, RAND/UCLA, nominal group techniques)  related to POCUS in primary care. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Eligible studies involved GPs, applied a consensus methodology, and addressed competencies, scopes of practice, or training requirements for POCUS use.Among 182 records, 30 duplicates were removed, 11 full texts were assessed, and 6 studies met inclusion criteria. Across these studies, thematic convergence emerged. All emphasized the value of short, structured, multimodal training combining supervised hands-on practice, clinical application, and ongoing monitoring of image quality. Priority POCUS indications consistently included emergency assessments such as FAST, abdominal examinations including abdominal aortic aneurysm, basic cardiac evaluation for function or effusion, lung ultrasound, and musculoskeletal scans. Competency frameworks described up to 36 validated diagnostic skills, such as detection of abdominal free fluid, bladder assessment, and basic urogenital evaluation, along with image interpretation, clinical integration, and referral decision-making. One framework proposed a five-level progression from equipment handling to image optimization, systematic examination and clinical interpretation. Another curriculum outlined 40 diagnostic examinations across 13 anatomical regions relevant to primary care diagnostics and procedures.Clarifying competencies and clinical indications is essential for structuring POCUS education in general practice and supporting its integration into academic training pathways.Future studies should investigate how these competency frameworks can be implemented in academic curricula and assess their impact on training effectiveness and patient outcomes.

Ultrasound has become increasingly important in medicine, particularly in general practice. However, training remains challenging and occurs late in the students' curriculum. This work proposes an analysis of the perception of second-cycle medical students in France regarding its use in general practice and how they consider their own ultrasound training.The primary objective was to assess how second-cycle medical students perceive the use of point-of-care ultrasound in primary care, including their understanding of its role and their interest in its clinical applications. A secondary objective was to explore students’ views on the potential integration, format, and relevance of an introductory ultrasound curriculum during the second cycle of medical training.The study is based on a qualitative approach through semi-structured interviews, targeting fourth- to sixth-year medical students who observed POCUS (Point-of-Care Ultrasound) during their internships in general medicine. Recruitment took place in 33 medical faculties across metropolitan France. The collected data were coded manually and an inductive thematic approach was used.Students expressed strong curiosity about ultrasound as a clinical learning tool but also reported apprehension related to technical aspects and limited anatomical knowledge. They identified several barriers, including insufficient hands-on training and limited access to adequate supervision.Findings suggest that ultrasound can serve as a meaningful pedagogical tool, reinforcing students’ clinical reasoning, autonomy, and understanding of patient pathways. It also appears to enhance relational skills, particularly in the physician-patient interaction. Students showed a clear interest in structured, early ultrasound exposure during the second cycle. They identify clear barriers—limited time, resources, and late curricular integration—but also propose feasible solutions for early implementation. These findings suggest that introducing basic ultrasound training during the second cycle could meaningfully support professional development and align medical education with evolving primary care practice.Ultrasound is seen as an essential tool for the training of future physicians. To maximize its benefits, it is crucial to improve training, increase access to equipment, and adapt clinical practices to current technological advancements. This could not only enhance patient diagnosis and follow-up but also optimize the efficiency of the healthcare system.

A 71-year-old woman with no significant medical history presented to a general practitioner with progressive fatigue, exertional dyspnea, and marked exhaustion when climbing stairs. Her prior history included only orthostatic hypotension and a pre-fatigue state. Physical examination and laboratory testing were performed. ECG showed sinus rhythm with low QRS voltages. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) emerged as the pivotal diagnostic modality raising suspicion for transthyretin (ATTR) cardiac amyloidosis.The diagnostic pathway relied on standard modalities accessible to general practitioners, including physical examination, laboratory tests, ECG, and POCUS. In this case, POCUS was the key tool that redirected the diagnostic reasoning toward a specific cardiac etiology, prompting timely referral and confirmatory testing.Point-of-care ultrasound should be considered a standardized part of the evaluation of patients with unexplained dyspnea, fatigue, or signs of possible cardiac dysfunction. Early use of POCUS can significantly accelerate diagnostic accuracy and guide appropriate management. We aim to integrate more innovative ultrasound-based diagnostic approaches into the everyday practice of general practitioners in Slovakia.How are POCUS methods utilized in primary care settings in your country? We can evaluate the improvement of provided medical care in Slovakia since implementing POCUS.In 2024, POCUS has become an accessible and impactful tool in Slovak general practice. Its integration enhances diagnostic precision, allows earlier detection of serious cardiac diseases such as ATTR amyloidosis, and supports timely therapeutic decisions—ultimately improving patient outcomes, as demonstrated in this case report.

Ultrasound is increasingly used in clinical practice thanks to its non-irradiating nature and rapid diagnostic capability. General practice residents encounter it regularly, particularly during rotations in emergency medicine and obstetrics-gynecology. However, despite its widespread use, no standardized training exists for an examination that remains highly operator-dependent.The aim of this study was to conduct an international literature review to describe existing educational approaches and propose the foundation for a future training module adapted to general practice residencyA scoping review of the literature was conducted. Included were short training programs (≤ 2 weeks or ≤ 40 hours) intended for medical students and general practice residents, as well as residents in obstetrics-gynecology and emergency medicine, as these were considered transferable. The fields covered abdominal-pelvic, gynecologic, lung, skin, and targeted venous ultrasound, along with simulator-based training. Effectiveness was assessed using OSAUS criteria (indication, equipment handling, image optimization, systematic examination, interpretation, reporting, and clinical decision-making) and participants’ perceived competence.Fifty-six studies were included. Training relied mainly on expert tutoring, peer-to-peer teaching, e-learning, and simulators. All programs could be completed within a timeframe compatible with medical training. They showed significant improvement in objective skills and perceived competence. Simulators, particularly in obstetrics-gynecology, helped learners acquire psychomotor skills in a safe and ethical environment.This review highlights the effectiveness of short, multimodal training programs for acquiring basic ultrasound skills.A module combining self-directed learning, supervised peer practice, and on-site clinical application—especially in emergency and obstetrics-gynecology rotations—appears feasible.

Persistent lymphadenopathy poses a diagnostic challenge in Family Medicine because clinical signs alone poorly differentiate benign from malignant nodes. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is the preferred non-invasive tool, assessing criteria such as shape, size, hilum visibility, echogenicity, and vascularization. In Italy, general practitioners (GPs) cannot prescribe urgent ultrasounds for suspected malignancy, making POCUS particularly important—especially in rural areas—to support early triage. However, ultrasound interpretation without adequate correlation to clinical context may contribute to diagnostic delays.We present a clinical case from rural primary care describing the diagnostic journey of persistent adenopathy, highlighting the interplay between clinical evaluation, POCUS findings, specialist referral, and advanced imaging.Persistent lymphadenopathy warrants close follow-up even when ultrasound features appear benign. Combining POCUS with a structured reassessment pathway could help GPs identify red flags earlier. Policy changes allowing GPs to request urgent diagnostic imaging, alongside improved training in lymph node ultrasound interpretation, may reduce delays in detecting malignant disease.In May 2024, Tatiana, 30 years old, presented to the emergency department with painful right cervical and axillary lymphadenopathy after razor-related skin irritation and self-administered antibiotics. Diagnosed with bacterial lymphangitis, she received amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. By July, her symptoms persisted. Her GP noted multiple painful, firm lymph nodes; POCUS showed enlarged reactive nodes with atypical features. A specialist ultrasound again described them as reactive, and she was treated for presumed viral lymphangitis with prednisone. After 20 days without improvement, she returned to her GP. Attempts to secure further specialist assessment were delayed until referral to a third-level hospital, where on November 5, 2024, she was diagnosed with metastatic melanoma. This illustrates how inconclusive ultrasound findings and limited access to urgent imaging can prolong the diagnostic process.Ultrasound is indispensable in evaluating lymphadenopathy, but its findings must be interpreted within the full clinical picture. Strengthening POCUS use and improving access to urgent imaging are essential to reduce diagnostic delays in primary care.