The thyroid gland acts as an internal thermostat and the main regulator of metabolism. In addition to functional disorders, the pathological morphology of the thyroid is a serious problem, from micronodous, polynodous goiters to carcinoma (Ca). Women suffer from thyroid autoimmune diseases 5-10 times more often than men, and 3 times more often from malignancies.The aim of the study is to examine the frequency of thyroid disease in men, according to the type of pathology in a random sample; to determine the frequency of Ca thyroid; to determine the frequency of Ca thyroid patients with smoking status and according to BMI (body mass index).Men, older than 50 years of age, were randomly selected, regardless of clinical findings, and underwent ultrasound and hormonal status.The total number of subjects was 40 (N-40). Based on this, they were divided into groups: n1(10 subjects) – morphological pathological findings, functional pathological findings; n2 (16 subjects) morphological pathological findings, normal thyroid function; n3(2) morphologically normal findings, functionally pathological; n4(12). morphologically and functionally normal thyroid. According to BMI values, 3 subjects were of normal nutrition; 2 were obese, and the rest had an increased body mass (35/ 87.5%). Five subjects used cigarettes. After the diagnosis, aspiration biopsy (FNA) was indicated in 12 (30%) subjects, and according to the results of the said diagnosis, surgical intervention was performed in 6 (15%) subjects, of whom 4 (10%) were diagnosed with carcinoma; 2 (5%) underwent thyroidectomy (benign characteristics) Among the subjects with a malignant outcome, there was not a single smoker.Diseases of the thyroid gland are not rare in men.The incidence of serious disorders, such as cancer and other morphological pathology that requires monitoring and even operative treatment, is statistically significant in a small sample. Subjects in whom cancer was diagnosed by screening were asymptomatic.Considering the incidence of the disease by gender, screening diagnostics in men is not common. Considering the results of this study with the outcome of early detection of cancer without dissemination, screening diagnostics should be carried out regardless of gender in the elderly population