Arterial hypertension (AH) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are highly prevalent cardiovascular disorders that frequently coexist and represent major public health challenges. AH substantially increases the risk of AF and plays a pivotal role in atrial remodeling; however, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain only partially understood.To evaluate the association between arterial stiffness (AS) and selected inflammatory and fibrotic biomarkers involved in AF development in patients with AH.The study enrolled 89 patients with AH and non-valvular paroxysmal or persistent AF (mean age 62.6 ± 7.4 years) after successful cardioversion and 74 hypertensive patients without AF as controls, they underwent echocardiography, inflammatory and fibrotic biomarkers including hsCRP, IL-6, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), were measured, AS was assessed using the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 13.0 with logistic regression and results expressed as odds ratios (ORs).Patients with AH and AF showed significantly increased odds of atrial and ventricular electrical and structural remodeling, diastolic dysfunction, higher AS, and elevated inflammatory biomarkers. In paroxysmal AF, significant predictors included diastolic blood pressure (DBP; OR 1.09, p = 0.017), P-wave maximum duration (Pmax; OR 3.74, p = 0.001), P-wave dispersion (Pdis; OR 3.97, p = 0.001), CAVI (OR 1.83, p = 0.02), left atrial volume (LAV; OR 1.76, p = 0.013), hsCRP(OR 5.57, p = 0.017).In persistent AF, predictors included DBP (OR 1.29, p = 0.001), Pmax (OR 4.73, p = 0.001), Pdis (OR 4.66, p = 0.001), CAVI (OR 2.22, p = 0.01), LAV (OR 3.69, p = 0.001), interventricular septal thickness (OR 1.79, p = 0.042), IVRT (OR 3.94, p = 0.016), and elevated hsCRP (OR 6.37, p = 0.001), IL-6 (OR 5.78, p < 0.001), and TGF-β1 (OR 3.84, p < 0.05).Increased AS, inflammation, fibrotic activity appear to be key mechanisms linking AH to AF. Elevated hsCRP, IL-6, and TGF-β1 likely reflect progressive atrial remodeling, highlighting AS as an integrative marker for risk stratification and prevention.Multivariate analysis revealed that atrial and ventricular dysfunction, inflammation, and arterial stiffness independently increase AF risk in hypertensive patients, emphasizing the need for early detection and targeted preventive strategies.