Psycho-emotional disorders are present in approximately one third of patients with heart failure (HF). When not adequately recognized, these conditions may lead to cardiac decompensation, the occurrence of acute coronary syndromes, reduced treatment adherence, and the relapse into or adoption of unhealthy lifestyle.The aim of this study was to identify the presence of anxiety and depression in patients with heart failure and to determine the factors associated with the development of psycho-emotional disorders in this population.This observational study was conducted in five family medicine practices over a three-month period (January–March 2024). Adult patients with heart failure confirmed by a cardiologist were enrolled. Patients with a prior diagnosis of psychiatric disorders were excluded. Demographic data and information regarding the clinical stage of heart failure were collected. Anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).The study sample included 103 participants, with a mean age of 71.17 ± 11.62 years. Clinical signs of depression were identified in 32.04% of patients, while anxiety symptoms were present in 26.21%. A statistically significant correlation was found between heart failure severity and anxiety and depression scores (p = 0.007 and p = 0.009, respectively). The number of family physician visits for heart failure related issues was significantly correlated with mean depression scores (p = 0.003), mean anxiety scores (p = 0.001), and heart failure severity (p < 0.0001). Factors associated with psycho-emotional disorders included older age (p < 0.0001), female sex (p = 0.003; p = 0.002), lower educational level (p = 0.016), and loneliness following the loss of a life partner (p = 0.005).A holistic approach to patients with heart failure requires the identification of risk factors for psycho-emotional disorders, their timely diagnosis, and appropriate referral for specialist care, alongside cardiovascular pharmacological treatment.The family physician plays a crucial role in the objective identification of anxiety and depression in patients with heart failure. Routine heart failure follow-up consultations represent an important opportunity for the assessment of psycho-emotional disorders in cardiac patients.