The context of this review article is the importance of vitamin D levels in chronic diseases with inflammation.This literature review aims to synthesize existing research on the anti-inflammatory roles of vitamin D (Vit D), elucidating its mechanisms of action, clinical implications, and potential therapeutic applications.A standardized protocol was followed to perform a systematic literature review by a search of published articles in PubMed, Scopus, and Medline databases from their inception date until December 2024. A total of 59 published articles were reviewed for this study.Vitamin D receptors (VDRs) are present in almost all cells of the immune system, including B cells, T cells, NK (Natural Killer) cells, dendritic cells, and monocytes, as well as the epithelial cells of many organs such as the intestine, pancreas, prostate, lungs, and cardiomyocytes. In addition, some immune cells, including dendritic cells, macrophages, and B and T cells, can synthesize calcitriol by expressing 1α-hydroxylase. Upon binding to VDRs, vitamin D (Vit D) regulates the expression of genes involved in immune responses, including those encoding for cytokines. It modulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines while promoting the synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Vit D also affects the differentiation and maturation of cells of the immune system. By inhibiting the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, Vit D reduces the expression of pro-inflammatory genes.The evidence supporting the association between Vit D status and various inflammatory conditions is compelling, suggesting that maintaining adequate Vit D levels may be crucial for preventing and managing diseases characterized by chronic inflammationThese effects highlight the potential of Vit D as a therapeutic agent in the management of inflammatory diseases, including autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cancer, neurological diseases, depression, and inflammatory bowel disease.