Osteoporosis is a growing concern in ageing Asian populations and can lead to preventable fractures and reduced quality of life. Early identification plays an important role in primary care, particularly in low-income settings with limited access to health resources. In Singapore, little is known about whether osteoporosis risk varies across ethnic groups within low-income communities; identifying such patterns may support more targeted screening.This study examined whether ethnicity is associated with Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool (OST) scores in a low-income population of community-dwelling adults in Singapore.A cross-sectional community screening was conducted in Toa Payoh under the Neighbourhood Health Service. OST scores were calculated, and sex-stratified linear regression examined associations between ethnicity, chronic illness, and OST scores. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.Of 116 participants screened, 106 with complete data were included: 51 females (mean age 64.0 ± 10.3 years) and 55 males. (mean age 63.7 ± 11.0 years) In females, Chinese had the lowest mean OST score (−2.12 ± 3.24) vs Malay (0.60 ± 3.67), Indian (2.38 ± 3.31), and Others (2.87 ± 4.11). Adjusted for chronic illness, ethnicity strongly predicted OST score (F(4,46)=4.38, p=0.004, R²=0.28); Malay (β=2.98, p=0.008), Indian (β=4.75, p=0.002), and Other females (β=5.72, p=0.010) had significantly higher scores (lower risk) than Chinese females. Chronic illness was non-significant (β=−1.69, p=0.110). In males, OST scores were similar across ethnicities (range 0.49–4.30); neither ethnicity nor chronic illness was significant (F(4,50)=1.51, p=0.215)Even in a socioeconomically homogeneous population, ethnic differences in osteoporosis risk persist, particularly in females. Given the higher observed risk in Chinese females, community-based initiatives could prioritize screening and early intervention for this subgroup, using OST to efficiently identify those at greatest risk. Limitations include small sample size, with some ethnic subgroups having fewer than 5 participants, cross-sectional design, self-reported chronic illness, and recruitment from rental housing blocks with typical monthly incomes below SGD 1500 may limit generalizability.Chinese females in low-income settings showed highest osteoporosis risk by OST screening. Targeted screening strategies for this subgroup may improve early detection in primary care.