Phytophotodermatitis is a non-immune, inflammatory phototoxic reaction caused by topical absorption of plant-derived photosensitizers, such as furocoumarins, followed by ultraviolet exposure. Diagnosis is essentially clinical, and management is primarily preventive. This case emphasizes the importance of thorough history-taking in Primary Health Care (PHC).This case report was based on clinical observation and detailed anamnesis during a PHC consultation. The diagnostic process relied on correlating lesion characteristics with patient history, without complementary tests. Literature review on phytophotodermatitis and its triggers supported interpretation.The case demonstrates how a rare but benign condition can mimic more severe disorders, such as coagulation abnormalities, leading to patient anxiety. It highlights the role of the Family Physician in quaternary prevention—avoiding unnecessary investigations and referrals—through clinical reasoning and contextual knowledge.History Matters: Careful anamnesis remains the cornerstone of dermatological diagnosis in PHC. Preventive Counseling: Patients should be informed about risks of plant contact under sunlight, especially citrus fruits. Quaternary Prevention: Avoiding overdiagnosis and unnecessary tests protects patients and optimizes resources. Future Implications: Educational strategies on phototoxic reactions could reduce misdiagnosis and improve patient safety.A 22-year-old woman, Fitzpatrick phototype III, presented with multiple hyperpigmented lesions on the hands and abdomen, evolving from erythema without vesicles or pain. Concerned about a coagulation disorder, she denied unusual product use. Detailed history revealed recent sun exposure while squeezing limes, explaining the irregular pigmentation pattern. Diagnosis of phytophotodermatitis was established clinically, and topical treatment initiated. The patient was reassured that pigmentation could persist for weeks to months. Citrus fruits, rich in furocoumarins, are frequent triggers. This case illustrates the importance of correlating environmental exposures with dermatological findings to avoid unnecessary investigations.Phytophotodermatitis, though benign, can cause diagnostic uncertainty. The Family Physician’s ability to integrate history and physical examination ensures accurate diagnosis, prevents overmedicalization, and reinforces preventive care. Awareness of phototoxic reactions should be part of routine counseling in PHC.