Back to the program

Patient advocacy in diagnosing an occult isolated posterior malleolus fracture: A case report

Yusuf ARMAN and Ikbal Humay ARMAN

Family doctors (FDs) act as the safety net of the healthcare system. This report illustrates how an FD's advocacy, based on their in-depth knowledge of a patient's medical history, led to the diagnosis of a rare ankle fracture that had initially been missed by secondary care.A 35-year-old man applied the ER following a football injury. Initial X-rays were negative and he was diagnosed with a sprain. However, persistent pain led him to his FD on day-2 and the orthopedic specialist on day-7. Repeat physical examinations on these occasions showed decreased range of motion with no additional recommendations. On day-10, he returned to the FD, reporting constant pain, which worsened with effort. Physical examination again revealed generalized oedema and diffuse tenderness, with significant pain when bearing weight. The patient with no history of chronic pain was unresponsive to treatment. Suspecting an occult pathology, the FD wrote a detailed referral letter explicitly urging advanced imaging. An MRI scan revealed an isolated posterior malleolus fracture, which led to appropriate immobilization and recovery.Isolated posterior malleolus fractures are rare and difficult to detect. This case is unique because the diagnosis was not driven by technology, but by the FD's core competency of providing holistic care. This proves that getting to know the patient is an effective diagnostic tool.A change in a patient's behaviour, such as an uncharacteristic complaint from someone who usually remains calm, should lead to a change in management. The threshold for advanced imaging (CT/MRI) should be lowered when the clinical course worsened after one week. FDs must move beyond passive gatekeeping to active advocacy.The literature suggests that plain radiographs may miss up to 50% of posterior malleolus fractures. This case highlights the limitations of relying solely on negative X-rays in cases of high-energy trauma and demonstrates how longitudinal care acts as a safeguard against false reassurance from technology.Family doctors play a critical role in reducing diagnostic errors. By combining longitudinal knowledge with clinical advocacy, family doctors can recognise abnormal patterns in clinical recovery and ensure timely intervention for conditions that are not detected by standard screening.