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Occult Tibia Fracture: clinicoradiological dissociation

Venkatram NAVANEandHA KRISHNAN, Aneeq Ahmed SHAIKH and Mayukh BHATTACHARYYA

Occult fractures are real fractures not initially visible on standard X-rays, but are later identified through advanced imaging such as CT scans or MRIs. They are often clinically suspected based on disproportionate pain, localized tenderness, swelling, or functional limitations. Although less common than visible fractures, they hold significant clinical importance.A 58-year-old man presented with persistent, localized pain in his left knee following a minor injury sustained after falling from his parked motorcycle.  Medical history: No known allergies. Former smoker. Non-toxic consumption. COPD. Hypercholesterolemia. Sleep apnea. Chronic renal failure.  Physical examination: The left knee displayed normal symmetry, with no signs of ecchymosis, edema, or structural deformity. Minor superficial abrasion located at the inferior pole of the patella. Patellar ballottement was positive, consistent with a mild joint effusion. There was no tenderness on palpation along the medial or lateral femoropatellar joint lines nor patellar mobilization. Knee flexion was restricted secondary to pain. Ligamentous stability was preserved, as indicated by negative anterior and posterior drawer tests. Meniscal provocative tests were negative, suggesting no clinical evidence of meniscal injury.  Follow-up:  Persistent pain one month after the injury, which showed no significant improvement despite rest and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Initial X-rays revealed no evidence of acute bone injury. Physical examination: minimal synovial effusion. Given the ongoing pain and functional limitations, the patient was referred for advanced imaging, requesting an MRI.  Evolution: Left knee MRI results: Non-displaced linear fracture of the posterior aspect of the external tibial plateau, accompanied by bone edema.This case emphasizes the diagnostic value of integrating the patient's symptoms and clinical judgment when assessing trauma in primary care.Even in the absence of radiological signs of acute injury, persistent symptoms and functional impairment warrant further investigation, particularly with high clinical suspicion of an occult fracture.Highlighting the necessity of a comprehensive, patient-centered approach in primary care, humanism and clinical acumen play vital roles in recognizing red flags that could indicate occult fractures.This case is a reminder of core principles in family medicine: continuity of care, knowing the patient, patient-centered communication, and diagnostic skills through active listening and thorough evaluation.