Achieving an ideal primary care system – one that delivers accessible, comprehensive, and coordinated person-centred care – is a continuing priority across diverse settings. Progress is often hindered by systemic barriers such as fragmented policies, poor integration across services, workforce shortages, limited patient engagement, and inadequate data governance, which collectively perpetuate suboptimal care models.Identify and analyse key systemic barriers impeding the realisation of an ideal primary care system. Apply systems thinking to map interdependencies, feedback loops, and obstacles in designing an effective primary care system. Develop and propose collaborative strategies to overcome systemic barriers to advance meaningful health system reform.Introductory presentation outlining the key features of an ideal primary care system and its defining attributes. Small-group system mapping exercise to explore feedback loops and interactions across critical domains such as policy, workforce, information, and patient engagement. Facilitated whole-group brainstorming sessions to identify systemic solutions and discuss approaches for adapting reforms to local contexts.   Time    Activity             00:00   Introduction: Defining the Ideal Primary Care System and Key Systemic Barriers 00:10   Systems Thinking Primer: Mapping Interdependencies and Feedback Loops 00:15   Small Group Exercise: Mapping System Feedback and Interactions Across Domains 00:35   Whole Group Brainstorm: Identifying Systemic Solutions and Local Adaptation 00:50   Summary, Key Takeaways, and Q&AA deepened understanding of the complex, multi-layered systemic barriers impeding the achievement of an ideal primary care system. Acquisition of practical tools to analyse systems and to collaboratively address persistent obstacles. Development of actionable strategies to engage stakeholders, build essential partnerships, and lead the collaborative efforts to begin primary care reform.Addressing systemic barriers demands a systemic analysis, authentic stakeholder collaboration, and adaptive policy-development. By concentrating on root causes and system-wide dynamics, participants will be empowered to transcend traditional reform approaches and pave to achieve optimal, equitable primary health care system.