Thymoma is a rare neoplasm of the thymic epithelium, representing a small proportion of thoracic tumors. Its clinical course is often indolent, but local invasion and association with paraneoplastic syndromes, such as myasthenia gravis or neuropathies, complicate diagnosis and management. We present a case of a 57-year-old male with a history of long-term occupational exposure to toxic substances, who was diagnosed with thymoma following routine screening and evaluation for chronic lower limb sensory disturbances and muscle weakness.A comprehensive diagnostic approach was undertaken, including detailed history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging (chest X-ray and CT). Given the atypical neurological symptoms and well-controlled diabetes, the diagnostic process was expanded to include paraneoplastic syndromes. Surgical resection of the mediastinal mass was performed, followed by histopathological confirmation of type AB thymoma with capsular and adipose tissue invasion. The patient received adjuvant radiotherapy and subsequent resection of a large subcostal lipoma.This case highlights the diagnostic complexity of thymoma presenting with paraneoplastic neuropathy in a patient with well-controlled diabetes and significant occupational exposure. The case underscores the importance of considering paraneoplastic syndromes in the differential diagnosis of neuropathy, even in patients with established risk factors such as diabetes.An interdisciplinary and holistic approach, including preventive screening and thorough evaluation of atypical symptoms, is essential for early detection of rare malignancies. The case demonstrates the pivotal role of the family physician in recognizing red flags and initiating appropriate diagnostics. Future clinical practice should emphasize occupational health, regular screening, and awareness of paraneoplastic manifestations.The presented case illustrates the challenges in diagnosing thymoma, particularly when initial symptoms are nonspecific and may be attributed to more common conditions. It also emphasizes the need for vigilance regarding occupational risk factors and the value of a multidisciplinary team in patient management. Early diagnosis and intervention can significantly improve prognosis and enable curative treatment.This case demonstrates that prompt, interdisciplinary evaluation and preventive care can lead to the early diagnosis and successful treatment of thymoma. The family physician’s role is crucial in identifying atypical presentations and ensuring comprehensive patient care, ultimately improving patient outcomes.