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Hypoglycemia presenting with acute neurological symptoms in a migrant patient with language barriers: A case-based reflection

Ilksen Yazgulu SENOL, Sumeyra Nur DELIKKAYA and Nilgün OZCAKAR

Language barriers substantially complicate clinical assessment in emergency settings, particularly when patients present with acute neurological symptoms. Limited communication may result in diagnostic uncertainty, unnecessary investigations, and delayed treatment. Migrant patients are especially vulnerable in this regard. This case illustrates how acute neurological findings in a non–Turkish-speaking patient initially suggested stroke but were ultimately attributable to hypoglycemia, emphasizing the importance of effective communication and accurate history-taking.A 48-year-old Syrian woman who did not speak Turkish was brought to the emergency department by ambulance in September 2023 with acute disorientation, impaired eye coordination, inability to follow simple commands, and speech disturbance. She had no known chronic disease and was not using regular medication. An acute cerebrovascular event was initially suspected. Neurological examination and monitoring were limited due to patient restlessness, and the language barrier significantly restricted direct history-taking. Collateral history was obtained from her 25-year-old son, who had limited proficiency in Turkish. He reported similar previous episodes that had initially been evaluated as suspected stroke but were later diagnosed as hypoglycemia, with rapid recovery following intravenous glucose administration. Capillary blood glucose was measured and found to be 48 mg/dL. Intravenous dextrose was administered, resulting in complete resolution of neurological symptoms within approximately 10 minutes. After brief observation, the patient was discharged and left the emergency department independently.This case demonstrates how language barriers can obscure straightforward diagnoses and lead to hypoglycemia being misinterpreted as an acute neurological emergency. It also highlights Whipple’s triad identified through collateral history rather than direct patient communication.Language barriers may significantly delay diagnosis and increase unnecessary investigations. Early use of interpreters or reliable family members should be prioritized. Bedside glucose testing must remain a first-line assessment in unexplained neurological presentations.Hypoglycemia can mimic acute stroke with focal neurological signs. In the absence of effective communication, reliance on basic bedside assessments and collateral history becomes crucial.Effective communication and systematic bedside evaluation are essential for diagnostic accuracy. Addressing language barriers can prevent misdiagnosis, reduce unnecessary interventions, and ensure timely, appropriate treatment.