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Home-based interventions in patients with cardiometabolic diseases or with risk factors for the development of cardiometabolic diseases: A scoping review

Kye-Yeung PARK

Home-based interventions are patient-centered models of care for adults with cardiometabolic diseases.To map randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of home-based interventions in adults with cardiometabolic risk factors or cardiometabolic diseases.A systematic search of RCTs was conducted in the electronic databases of Pubmed and CENTRAL (July – September 2024). RCTs of interventions that were delivered remotely or through home visits by health professionals in community dwelling adults with cardiometabolic risk factors or cardiometabolic diseases evaluating patient or health services use outcomes were included. Non-English studies, studies that addressed transitional care, and studies conducted in institutionalized populations were excluded from the review. To illustrate potential research gaps, tables were created, grouping the studies by intervention category, by outcome category, according to clinical condition, and according to reference to frailty, disability and social vulnerability.102 RCTs (118 interventions) were found. Eighty-five (83.4%) were related to the chronic care of patients with a disease, mainly hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Four (3.9%) focused on frail older adults, 9 on patients with disabilities (10.8%) and 36 (35.3%) on patients with social vulnerability. Of the 118 interventions, 87 (73.7%) had multiple components. Eighty-six (72.9%) included behavioral intervention, 66 (55.9%) device use, 23 (19.5%) intervention on structure, 10 (8.5%) service process change, 10 (8.5%) physical exercise, 7 (5.9%) medication use, and 6 (5.1%) diet. In 79 (67%) , guidance and monitoring of the home intervention was provided remotely exclusively [50 (42.4%)] or in combination with in-person meetings in a health facility or at home [68 (57.6%)]. In addition to effectiveness [99 (99%)], 68 RCTs also assessed patient-centered outcomes (66.7%), 46 safety (45.1%) and 29 (28.4%) health service utilization outcomes.Evidence from RCTs suggests that home-based interventions have potential improvements for patients with cardiometabolic disease and those at risk.RCTs of home-based interventions in patients with cardiometabolic diseases or cardiometabolic risk factors focus on the care of a limited number of individual chronic diseases and rarely include patients with frailty, disability or social determinants of health.