Given the increase in international migration, the health assessment of immigrant patients should be considered comparable to that of native-born patients, while incorporating specific considerations such as inclusion in preventive care and health-promotion programs, screening for imported diseases (according to country of origin and migration route), and assessment and adaptation of immunization status to the vaccination schedule in effect in the host country.The patient is a 38-year-old woman, originally from  XXX , residing in  XXX  for the past year. She is married and heterosexual. She denies engaging in high-risk sexual practices and reports no history of blood transfusions or intravenous drug use.Six months after arriving in XXX, she attended her family physician for an initial consultation due to longstanding asthenia. She reported that, during the previous year in her country of origin, she had experienced multiple illnesses, including upper respiratory tract infections, pneumonia, episodes of diarrhea, and three episodes of oral candidiasis. These conditions were managed symptomatically, without further diagnostic evaluation. The patient also stated that access to healthcare in her hometown is limited. The patient's physical examination revealed no significant findings. General blood tests showed lymphopenia, abnormal liver function tests, and positive HIV 1-2 antibodies and p24 antigen.Upon identification of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the patient is referred to the infectious diseases department at the designated tertiary care hospital, where she will initiate appropriate antiretroviral therapy. The transmission route was determined to be sexual. The patient is currently well controlled. It is important to underscore the differences in health equity across countries. According to the World Health Organization in 2025, the gap in life expectancy between nations may reach up to 33 years.Primary care physicians play a crucial role as the first point of contact with the healthcare system, allowing early identification of risk factors, timely diagnostic evaluation, and initiation of appropriate management.Early diagnosis enables prompt initiation of antiretroviral therapy, providing both individual benefits—reducing morbidity and mortality—and collective benefits by interrupting the chain of transmission, making early detection in primary care essential for public health. Keywords:HIV infections, primary health care, immigrants, health equity.