Insomnia is among the most prevalent sleep disorders worldwide, and in Europe, prolonged-release melatonin is approved as a safe, effective, and non-addictive treatment for patients over 55 years of age.To review the existing literature on the use of prolonged-release melatonin for the treatment of insomnia and to assess family physicians’ prescribing practices and attitudes toward its use based on the conducted survey.A literature review of the evidence published 2021-2025 on Pubmed. Search strings were formulated from the following term sets: 1) sleep, insomnia 2) melatonin and 3) study type. The search included free full-text articles in English and was limited to review articles and systematic reviews involving only human studies. And a survey of 22 family physicians from XXX Outpatient Clinic in XXX regarding the prescription of melatonin for the treatment of insomnia was carried out.Based on the literature review, prolonged-release melatonin (PRM) reduced sleep onset latency (SOL), especially in adults ≥65 years, and total sleep time (TST) as well as subjective sleep quality improved mainly in older adults. Among the surveyed physicians, 11 of 22 prescribed melatonin for insomnia, reporting moderate effectiveness in improving sleep onset, quality, and reducing nighttime awakenings, while noting unclear efficacy and limited scientific evidence as the main barriers.Data on long-term melatonin use remain limited, and the quality of available preparations is variable due to less stringent regulation compared with prescription medications.Prolonged-release melatonin is a safe and moderately effective option for adults ≥55 years, and further research is needed to provide robust evidence on optimal dosing, duration, and long-term outcomes in primary care.