General practitioners (GPs) working in prisons operate within a healthcare environment that diverges substantially from community practice. Prison consultations are shaped by collaboration with prison authorities, disciplinary measures such as solitary confinement, and the legal frameworks underpinning access to medical care for incarcerated individuals. Compared to the general population, prisoners demonstrate markedly higher prevalence of substance use disorders, psychiatric illnesses, and intellectual disabilities, creating complex challenges for primary care delivery. The European Forum for Primary Care position paper (2022) emphasizes the critical role of primary care in addressing detainees’ complex health needs and ensuring continuity of care.To understand the legal and organizational principles of prison healthcare, using the Netherlands and UK as examples. To identify systemic and clinical differences between prison consultations and community practice. To explore the prevalence and complexity of health problems in prison populations. To compare challenges internationally and evaluate potential solutions. To define the scope of influence of GPs in prison healthcare systems.The workshop will employ interactive group work, case‑based discussions, and structured reflection. Participants will identify bottlenecks, compare them across countries, and identify feasible interventions. Facilitators will emphasize active engagement and highlight strategies within the GP’s circle of influence. Workshop schedule Introduction (15 min): overview of prison healthcare and legal framework. Evidence input (15 min): prevalence data on addiction, psychiatric disorders, and intellectual disabilities. Group work (40 min): inventory and comparison of bottlenecks. Solution mapping (30 min): identification of feasible interventions. Synthesis (15 min): reflection and key take‑home messages.Participants will gain insight into prison healthcare systems, improve confidence in managing complex patient needs, and recognize interventions within their professional scope versus those requiring systemic change.Prison healthcare presents distinctive challenges but also opportunities for innovation and collaboration. By sharing experiences internationally, participants will strengthen patient‑centered care in prisons and advocate for systemic improvements. This workshop contributes to WONCA’s mission of advancing primary care globally, while aligning with WHO recommendations on equivalence of care and the European Forum for Primary Care’s call for stronger integration of prison health into mainstream primary care.