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Early exclusion of acute pancreatitis in a first-contact emergency department: Diagnostic uncertainty and laboratory limitations

Alperen KÜÇÜKUYSAL, Buğra BALCAN and Vildan MEVSIM

Acute pancreatitis is a common cause of acute abdominal pain and may result in significant morbidity if diagnosis is delayed. In first-contact care settings, including emergency departments serving as initial points of access, early diagnosis can be challenging. Atypical symptom presentation, limited access to key laboratory tests, and low sensitivity of early imaging may lead to premature diagnostic exclusion. This case highlights the risks of early exclusion of acute pancreatitis and the importance of reassessment when symptoms evolve.A 21-year-old underweight male presented with a one-week history of progressive postprandial back pain, more prominent in the evenings and absent in the mornings. He denied alcohol use, vomiting, changes in stool or urine color. Family history was notable for gallstone disease. Physical examination revealed a soft, non-tender abdomen without guarding or jaundice. Initial laboratory tests showed mildly elevated serum amylase, total bilirubin of 1.5 mg/dL, elevated C-reactive protein (≈25 mg/L), and a normal complete blood count. Serum lipase testing was unavailable. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed no abnormalities. As diagnostic criteria for acute pancreatitis were not met, conservative management was initiated. Symptoms improved within 12 hours, and the patient was discharged with clear safety-netting advice. Two days later, the patient re-presented with recurrent abdominal pain. Computed tomography demonstrated findings consistent with acute pancreatitis. Serum lipase measured after referral was markedly elevated (890 U/L), confirming the diagnosis. Biliary causes were excluded, and autoimmune pancreatitis was considered retrospectively.This case highlights a diagnostic challenge in emergency care, where limited access to key laboratory tests and early negative imaging may lead to premature exclusion of acute pancreatitis.Persistent or recurrent symptoms should prompt reassessment, even when initial findings are inconclusive. Robust safety-netting and clinical vigilance are essential in diagnostic uncertainty.This case illustrates the limitations of first-contact care, where restricted access to lipase testing and low sensitivity of early imaging may obscure evolving acute pancreatitis. Mild enzyme elevation and transient symptom improvement may provide false reassurance.Acute pancreatitis may be missed at first presentation in first-contact care. Awareness of evolving clinical patterns and timely reassessment are critical to prevent delayed diagnosis and adverse outcomes.