Lung, colorectal, breast, cervical, and prostate cancers are the most common malignancies globally, in Europe, and in Republika Srpska. Reducing their morbidity and mortality is a priority in public health. Key strategies include health promotion, early detection, risk factor reduction, and timely treatment initiation. Primary healthcare plays a critical role in implementing preventive measures and screening programs.This study aims to implement preventive measures in primary healthcare, detect malignant diseases early, initiate treatment promptly, and reduce mortality and morbidity through continuous preventive examinations.From January 1, 2021, to July 1, 2025, eight family medicine teams systematically invited healthy patients from specific age groups via telephone for preventive mammography, Pap tests, and fecal occult blood tests (FOBT). Participation rates, abnormal findings, and confirmed cancer cases were recorded. The study evaluated adherence to screening recommendations and identified detected malignancies.Mammography: Of 2,803 eligible women, 1,186 were screened. 23 abnormal findings were detected, including 9 confirmed breast cancer cases. Pap tests: Of 4,525 eligible women, 1,986 were screened. 8 abnormal findings were recorded, including 1 confirmed cervical cancer case. FOBT: Of 6,416 eligible patients, 890 screenings were conducted. 152 abnormal results were identified, 27 patients underwent colonoscopy, and 7 colorectal cancers were confirmed.Organized preventive examinations in primary healthcare have demonstrated their crucial role in early detection of breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers. Participation varied across screening tests, with the highest uptake for Pap tests (approximately 44%), for mammography (around 43%), and lowest for FOBT (about 14%), reflecting barriers such as test perception, fear, or logistical challenges. Early detection enables more effective treatment and improves treatment outcomes. These results underscore the essential role of family medicine teams in conducting continuous and systematic preventive examinations and highlight the need for patient education and reminders to increase participation in prevention programs.The treatment of malignant disease is multidisciplinary, but preventive examinations form the cornerstone of care. Therefore, it is essential to strengthen the role of primary healthcare in conducting continuous preventive examinations and early symptom recognition, in order to detect the disease at a stage when treatment is most effective.