Back to the program

Diagnosis and Management of Classic Trigeminal Neuralgia in a Primary Care Setting: Importance of Clinical Reasoning and Interprofessional Collaboration

Wenjia XU

Facial pain is a rare but potentially debilitating condition that can be a diagnostically challenging presentation in primary care. Early recognition of trigeminal neuralgia is paramount to prevent prolonged suffering and unnecessary treatment. Here we present a case which highlights the importance of interprofessional collaboration, structured clinical reasoning, and pharmacogenetic considerations in managing neuropathic pain in a primary care setting.A 56-year-old Chinese woman with hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and type 2 diabetes, presented with a one-month history of sharp, shooting right brow pain which radiates along the ophthalmic (V1) branch of the trigeminal nerve. Pain was triggered by wind and light touch, not relieved by pregabalin and lorazepam prescribed elsewhere. Physical examination was unremarkable. Based on the history and examination, a clinical diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia was made. Given the patient's Asian ethnicity, she was referred to a neurologist for consideration of carbamazepine and HLA-B*1502 testing to avoid severe cutaneous reactions. Amitriptyline 10 mg nightly was prescribed for interim symptomatic relief. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain subsequently confirmed neurovascular compression of the right trigeminal nerve. The neurologist started the patient on carbamazepine after negative allele testing, and neurosurgery advised continued medical therapy.This case highlights the important role of family physicians in recognizing uncommon neurological disorders and initiating safe, evidence-based management. While trigeminal neuralgia is well-described in literature, reports focusing on its identification and genetic testing implications in Asian primary care populations remain limited.Early identification of trigeminal neuralgia in primary care relies on meticulous history-taking and awareness of its characteristic pain distribution. Integrating pharmacogenetic testing into prescribing decisions demonstrates personalised, culturally sensitive care. Strengthening coordination between family physicians, neurologists, and neurosurgeons ensures timely diagnosis and optimal outcomes.This case reinforces the educational value of clinical reasoning and multidisciplinary coordination of care between family physicians and other specialists to provide holistic patient-centred care.Family physicians play a pivotal role in early detection and safe management of trigeminal neuralgia through patient-centred, and collaborative care. Compassionate listening, shared decisions, and culturally informed prescribing reflect the humanistic values that define high-quality primary care.