Family physicians frequently face heavy workload, burnout, and domestic responsibilities; however, gender- and marital-status–related differences in these areas remain insufficiently investigated in Türkiye.This study aimed to provide a multidimensional assessment of work–life balance, burnout, psychological safety, and household care burden, and to examine how these domains vary by gender and marital status.This nationwide cross-sectional survey, conducted after ethics approval, recruited physicians through online professional networks who then completed a Google Forms questionnaire covering work–life balance, burnout, psychological safety, domestic workload, and work-related characteristics. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize participant characteristics, normality was assessed with the Shapiro–Wilk test, and appropriate comparative analyses (independent-samples t test, Mann–Whitney U, or chi-square) were applied based on variable type and distribution.Internal consistency of scales was assessed with Cronbach’s alpha. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.A total of 230 family physicians participated (138 women,92 men).The mean weekly working time was 41.10 ± 9.09 hours, and the mean daily patient volume was 59.30 ± 22.55. Among participants with childcare responsibilities (n = 57), mean daily childcare duration was 376.84 ± 334.21 minutes. The mean Maslach burnout score was 4.00 ± 0.92, reflecting moderate-to-high burnout levels.Among married participants, women reported significantly longer daily housework duration than men (p = 0.048, r = 0.17).Burnout categories did not differ by gender (p = 0.590) but were strongly associated with marital status (p < 0.001). Married physicians were more frequently classified as “needs professional support”. Burnout scores were significantly higher among participants who had considered leaving the profession in the past year (p = 0.009).In line with existing evidence demonstrating disproportionate domestic responsibilities among women physicians, our findings indicate that such gendered disparities become most evident within marriage, paralleling the elevated burnout patterns reported in prior research.The findings indicate that although work–life balance scores were similar across demographic groups, pronounced gendered inequalities in unpaid domestic labor emerged within marriage, making marital status a key determinant of burnout severity and underscoring the need for policies that acknowledge invisible domestic labor and support the well-being of family physicians in Türkiye.