Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonotic disease that may progress to severe clinical forms with high lethality. In the XXX, Leishmania infantum is the main etiological agent. Immunosuppression caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection compromises cellular immunity and is associated with increased treatment failure, relapse, and mortality, making VL – HIV coinfection a major public health concern in endemic urban areas such as XXX, XXX, XXX.To characterize reported cases of VL – HIV coinfection in XXX between 2015 and 2024, analyze its impact on VL-related mortality, and summarize evidence-based interventions to improve outcomes in coinfected individualsA quantitative and descriptive epidemiological study was conducted using secondary data from the Mortality Information System and the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) between 2015 and 2024. Sociodemographic variables, HIV coinfection, and mortality were analyzed. A literature review was performed in PubMed and SciELO using the terms “Visceral Leishmaniasis and HIV” combined with “Intervention,” “Treatment,” or “Prevention.”Between 2015 and 2024, 1,496 cases of Visceral Leishmaniasis were reported in XXX, of which 421 (28.14%) occurred in individuals coinfected with HIV. Coinfected patients accounted for 39.02% of all VL-related deaths. Most coinfected cases (85%) and deaths (78%) occurred among males, with the highest mortality observed in individuals aged 40-59 years. The literature review identified four main intervention axes: optimization of pharmacological treatment, improvement of early and parasitological diagnosis, prediction of treatment failure and relapse using antigen detection tools, and implementation of secondary prophylaxis in high-risk patients.The proportion of VL-HIV coinfection observed in XXX is consistent with other endemic regions and confirms the association between HIV infection and increased VL lethality. Evidence supports liposomal amphotericin B as the preferred treatment for coinfected patients. Diagnostic limitations in HIV-infected individuals highlight the importance of parasitological methods and emerging antigen-based tests. Secondary prophylaxis and adherence to antiretroviral therapy are key strategies to reduce relapse and mortality.VL-HIV coinfection significantly contributes to VL mortality in XXX. Strengthening early diagnosis, optimizing treatment, implementing prognostic tools for relapse prediction, and adopting secondary prophylaxis may reduce mortality and disease burden.