Oropharyngeal carcinoma includes HPV-associated and non-HPV–associated tumors, the latter classically linked to tobacco and alcohol. HPV-16 is now a major cause of tonsillar carcinoma, with incidence rising in Western countries since the early 2000s. HPV-mediated tumors have distinct epidemiological, clinical, and prognostic features and are potentially preventable through vaccination. In primary care, persistent unilateral otorhinolaryngological symptoms are common and may mask malignancy, emphasizing the importance of clinical vigilance and timely referral.