Optimizing Timing for Colorectal Cancer Screening Implementation
Jana KRZYŽÁNKOVÁ, Hana RUFEROVÁ, Mohamed SHUJA, Mary JOHN-CHARLES ROBERTSON, Ozdem GOKDEMIR, Catalina Andreea POPESCU, Lara DOMINGUES DIOGO and Yasmin Tatiana CORDOVA RIOS
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in Europe, taking over 930,000 lives worldwide in 2020. Due to the benefits of screening for CRC, it is universally recommended. These recommendations are primarily based on studies in developed nations. Since the incidence of CRC increases with age and with GDP per capita, there is an increased burden of disease due to CRC in developed countries, we must acknowledge that in the poorest countries, people may not live long enough to develop CRC, nor have the resources for treatment if CRC is acquired, so screening may not be beneficial.The objective of this study is to look at a country's longevity, health care resources, and cost of screening for CRC, to identify when it is reasonable to begin CRC screening within a developing country.We gathered existing international data on the age of diagnosis of CRC, the longevity in a country, the incidence of CRC as related to GDP per capita, and the health care resources available for a country. We correlated this data with the World Health Organization’s recommendation that a screening test be less than 3 times a country’s GDP to be cost-effective.There are many countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia where universal CRC screening may not yet be warranted. All European countries have a high enough GDP per capita and population longevity to benefit from CRC screening.Universal screening for CRC may not be practical for all countries. Implementation when the longevity and resources of the country merit widespread screening may be more feasible. We must be careful not to push for programs in developing countries too soon, nor wait too long to implement helpful strategies once they benefit from CRC screening.Cancer screening is most valuable when a country has a significant burden of disease and has the resources to treat the disease for which they are screening. This study emphasizes the need to tailor healthcare programs to the needs of each community and nation.
