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Knowledge, Attitude and practices on Antibiotic use among HealthCare Professionals in Pakistan

Muhammad SAEED, Manahil SAEED, Rafeh SAEED andFatima Tul ZAHRA

Antibiotic use to combat infections is common everwhere; however, antimicrobial resistance (due to indiscriminate use of antibiotics) has become a global challenge. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared antimicrobial resistance among the top 10 global public health challenges to mankind.  Healthcare professionals are actively involved in the process of prescribing, dispensing and administering antibiotics.Antibiotics are extensively dispensed over the counters, even without prescriptions and simultaneously it is becomming more and more difficult to treat serious infections because of increasing antimicrobibial resistance to antibiotics; we assessed the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance among healthcare professionals working in a tertiary hospitals of Pakistan.A hospital-based cross-sectional survey was carried out in Dec. June, 2025 involving 350 healthcare workers at nine teaching hospitals of Abbottabad (KPK Province);  Islamabad (ICT); Lahore (Punjab Province) and Muzaffarabad-AJK ( Kashmir) Pakistan, to ensure participation of all ethnic & regional population groups of Pakistan. A purposive sample of healthcare workers across diverse professional roles was surveyed using a structured, validated and pilot tested questionnaire on antibiotic use and resistance. Data was analyzed by using SPSS v25 for descriptive statistics and to summarize participant characteristics and inferential tests to explore variable associations.Medics constituted the dominant professional group (59%).  Most of the health care respondents (80%) were aware of the appropriate use of antibiotics; however, premature discontinuation of antibiotics and reuse of leftover antibiotics was fairly common.   The detailed results will be presented in WONCA Paris-2026.Our Findings highlights the urgent need for focussed education among all healthcare workers, especially nurses & allied health workers. Like rest of the developing countries, majority of healthcare professionals were well versed with knowledge of antibiotics use and their resistance; however, still gap in knowledge, attitude and practices exist and warrants awareness strategies & interventions.The study identified persistent gaps in healthcare workers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding antibiotic use and resistance, despite encouraging awareness in Pakistan.