A patient with a two‑year history of smoking and occupational exposure to metal dust with no chronic conditions experienced recurrent respiratory symptoms over ten months. This case illustrates the diagnostic and management challenges associated with recurrent bronchitis.On 15 January 2025, the patient complained of fever (39.5 °C) and a cough that progressed from dry to productive, with greenish sputum. C-reactive protein (CRP) was 22.47 mg/L. Imaging revealed focal infiltrates in the right lung. A primary diagnosis of pneumonia was made, and a first course of Amoxiclav was prescribed. The patient’s condition improved; however, cough and sputum persisted. Therefore, additional antibiotic therapy was initiated — Amoxiclav, Cefuroxime, Levofloxacin, and Clarithromycin — over the span of 9 months, despite normal chest X-ray, CBC, and CRP values below 10.2 mg/L, and negative tests for Chlamydia and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (performed nine months later). Pulmonology consultations concluded that the patient had acute bronchitis, most likely of viral origin. Spirometry results were normal, and sputum cultures were negative. Treatment with inhaled salbutamol and budesonide was prescribed, followed by physiotherapy and halotherapy. The patient’s condition improved after antibiotics were discontinued at the beginning of October 2025.This case describes the repeated use of antibiotics in a patient with bronchitis that was likely viral. It also highlights recent lifestyle changes, such as starting smoking and occupational exposure to metal dust, which may contribute to bronchitis but are often overlooked in routine clinical assessments.Early pathogen testing, referral to a specialist, combined with strict adherence to rational antibiotic prescription principles, could have avoided unnecessary antibiotic use. The patient’s treatment should prioritize lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking, changing the work environment, and, whenever possible, identifying the causative pathogen to reduce the risk of recurrence.Irrational antibiotic therapy contributes to antimicrobial resistance and may delay implementation of effective non-pharmacological treatments. Recognition of environmental exposures and lifestyle factors is crucial for targeted preventive strategies.This case shows that recurrent bronchitis in at‑risk individuals, such as smokers with occupational dust exposure, are often viral rather than bacterial. Early diagnostic testing and compliance with national antibiotic guidelines are key to avoiding unnecessary antibiotic use.