Dapagliflozin Eligibility and Renal Testing Gaps in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Analysis in Primary Care
Johnathan SUN, Jibran KHAN and Oisin BRANNICK
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) substantially increases cardiovascular morbidity, risk of renal failure, and premature mortality. UK guidelines NICE TA775 (2022) recommends dapagliflozin for patients with CKD (eGFR 25-75 mL/min/1.73m²) on optimised ACEi/ARB therapy who also have type 2 diabetes or significant albuminuria (ACR ≥22.6 mg/mmol). Large clinical trials have demonstrated the reno- and cardioprotective benefits of SGLT2-inhibitors, yet real-world uptake in CKD patients remains suboptimal, particularly in primary care where most CKD is managed.To evaluate SGLT2-inhibitor implementation in primary care by identifying CKD patients eligible for dapagliflozin and examining renal monitoring patterns.A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted in a UK general practice setting using electronic health records (April 2025). Adults (≥18 years) previously recorded as CKD G3a-G5 were included. Exclusion criteria were type 1 diabetes and current SGLT2-inhibitor use.Of 158 patients with CKD 3a-5, 38 (24.1%) met general TA775 criteria. After exclusions (n=25), 13 patients (8.2%) remained eligible for dapagliflozin. Additionally, 32 patients (20.3%) were overdue for renal testing, including 15 patients (9.5%) with no ACR result on record. These findings indicate gaps in essential testing and prescribing processes needed to identify and treat eligible patients.Suboptimal ACR testing, incomplete ACEi/ARB optimisation and variability in clinician familiarity with updated CKD guidance likely contributed to low eligibility recognition. These results reflect national data: the 2017 National CKD Audit (NCKDA) reported proteinuria measurement in <15% of non diabetic and 54% of diabetic patients. Global KDIGO guidelines align closely with UK guidelines on dapagliflozin prescription, demonstrating the growing importance of addressing this implementation gap.This study identifies a substantial mismatch between NICE TA775 guidance and real-world CKD management. System-level interventions such as electronic alerts, strengthened eGFR/ACR recall systems, and structured medication reviews may improve uptake of dapagliflozin and overall CKD care quality. Given the international approval of SGLT2-inhibitors for CKD, implementation gaps identified here may highlight opportunities for stronger CKD management globally.
